叔丁基對苯二酚的安全性

就已發表的研究報告來看，總的情況TBHQ的安全可靠性要比BHT和BHA的安全可靠性來得大。如在某些環境下，實驗證明BHT和BHA對動物有致癌作用,而TBHQ則僅存在可疑的致突變活性。以下就幾個方面來表述本品的安全性。

1.吸收、代謝和排泄

鼠、狗和人口服TBHQ的致死情況基本相同,故以鼠作實驗。實驗證明消化道的吸收和從尿中排出的均較快。如給鼠單服100-400mg/Kg的TBHQ，則大部分在2-4天內從尿中排出。對人給予200mg/kg(以30%玉米油為載體),則大部分藥量在2-3天內由尿中排出。長期喂服在組織中也無明顯積累。

2.對肝的影響

經短期試驗，BHA和BHT均對肝有明顯影響,導致肝腫大,而同樣條件下,TBHQ則對肝無明顯影響。

3.對生殖的影響

以小白鼠進行數次生殖方面的研究，已發表的報告其內容包括對三代生殖過程作了畸變方面的研究。在一代生殖過程中于器官形成階段給予服用TBHQ,研究其對畸變的影響,經給予TBHQ的量為5000mg/ Kg，也就是每天服用250mg/ Kg,結果沒有發現任何畸變現象。

4.長期服致癌研究

在以鼠為研究對象時，定量給予0、160、500、1600和5000mgTBHQ/ Kg,連續20個月,未發現有不正常現象,這包括血液學、臨床化學、尿分析、器官重量和組織病理學的觀察。

在對狗的研究中，劑量為0, 500, 1500和5000mgTBHQ/Kg，定量喂食117個星期，按規定的血液檢驗并沒有異常情況，但使用最高劑量時，紅細胞計數、血紅素和紅色球所占比值均較對照試驗較少，這似乎說明TBHQ對紅細胞有一些破壞作用。

經喂給2500mg/Kg,定量服用9天,沒有什么影響,提高劑量至10000mg/Kg，則有一些細胞增生,約比原來數增加50%,但同樣情況,BHA要增高350%,在一相同短期實驗中,喂以20000mg/kg,發現前胃粘膜有輕微增生，但相同研究中，BHA對前胃則導致更顯著的影響。

由上所示: TBHQ使用量低而效果好,同目前已在使用的合成抗氧劑比較，TBHQ 毒性低而安全性高。

Product Identification
【Product Name】Butylhydroquinone；叔丁基對苯二酚
【Synonyms】2-tert-Butyl-1,4-benzenediol
【CAS】1948-33-0
【Formula】C10H14O2
【Molecular Weight】166.22
【EINECS】217-752-2
【RTECS】MX4375000
【RTECS Class】Tumorigen; Mutagen; Reproductive Effector
【Beilstein/Gmelin】637923
【Beilstein Reference】4-06-00-06013
【EC Class】harmful

Physical and Chemical Properties
【Appearance】White to light tan crystalline powder or a fine beige powder. Very slight aromatic odor.
【Solubility in water】Insoluble
【Melting Point】128℃
【Boiling Point】273℃
【Vapor Pressure】0.0011 (25℃)
【Density】1.05 g/cm3 (20℃)
【pKa/pKb】10.78 (pKa)
【Partition Coefficient】2.33
【Heat Of Vaporization】55.2 kJ/mol
【Usage】Antioxidant in fats and oils.

First Aid Measures
【Ingestion】Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.
【Inhalation】Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. DO NOT use mouth-to-mouth respiration. If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask.
【Skin】Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.
【Eyes】Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.

Handling and Storage
【Storage】Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
【Handling】Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use with adequate ventilation. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation.

Hazards Identification
【Inhalation】May cause respiratory tract irritation.
【Skin】May cause skin irritation.
【Eyes】May cause eye irritation.
【Ingestion】May cause irritation of the digestive tract. May be harmful if swallowed.
【EC Risk Phrase】R 20/21/22 36/37/38
【EC Safety Phrase】S 26 36/37/39
【UN (DOT)】1325

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
【Personal Protection】Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety ggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
【Respirators】Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Always use a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator when necessary.
【Exposure Effects】Dizziness, headache and delirium have been reported with hydroquinone exposure. Quinone has cause paralysis of the medullary centers and coma. Both quinone and hydroquinone may cause seizures. In rat studies, maternal toxic effects from exposure to hydroquinone included changes in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and menstrual cycle. Post-implantation mortality was also observed in rat studies.
Observed paternal toxic effects from exposure to hydroquinone included changes in the testes, epididymis, sperm duct, prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands, and male fertility index.
Exposure to hydroquinone produced skeletal malformations in chickens and ocular and skeletal malformations in rabbits.
【Poison Class】3

Fire Fighting Measures
【Flash Point】139℃
【Autoignition】457℃
【Fire Fighting】Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. Extinguishing media: Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers. Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. In case of fire use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam.
【Fire Potential】This chemical is combustible.

Accidental Release Measures
【Small spills/leaks】Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal container. Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation.

Stability and Reactivity
【Incompatibilities】Oxidizing agents, strong bases.
【Stability】Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
【Decomposition】Carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide.
【Combustion Products】Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.

Transport Information
【UN Number】1325
【Hazard Class】4.1
【Packing Group】II; III
【HS Code】2907 29 00